Diabetes & Endocrinology
META ANALYSIS
● Meta-analysis
High Infection Rates in Type 2 Diabetes: Periodontitis Prevalence at 33.6%
Journal of global health
Published March 27, 2026
Fu Xue-Lei, Chen Wen-Jun, Zhao Hui-Mei, Li Meng-Di, Zhuang Meng-Yi, Xiao Yang, Wu Bei, Guo Jia
PubMed ↗
DOI ↗
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the prevalence and incidence of infections among individuals with type 2 diabetes by analyzing data from 70 studies. The study aimed to provide a clearer understanding of infection risks in this population to inform clinical decision-making. The primary findings indicated that severe periodontitis had the highest pooled prevalence at 33.6% (95% CI: 23.7-44.2), followed by skin infections at 28.6% (95% CI: 20.7-37.2) and urinary tract infections at 9.7% (95% CI: 6.5-13.5). In terms of incidence, lower respiratory tract infections were most common, with an incidence of 1409.2 per 10,000 person-years (95% CI: 1048.1-1894.6), followed by skin infections at 664.1 (95% CI: 39.4-11203.9), upper respiratory tract infections at 553.6 (95% CI: 12.7-24149.2), and urinary tract infections at 500.6 (95% CI: 171.3-1462.6). No specific safety or adverse events were reported in this meta-analysis. These findings highlight the need for heightened surveillance and targeted infection prevention strategies in patients with type 2 diabetes, particularly focusing on dental health and respiratory infections.
AI Accuracy Review: 10/10
· Auto-published
Did you know that if you have type 2 diabetes, you might be more prone to infections than others? This is a big deal because infections can complicate diabetes management and overall health. In a recent analysis of 70 studies, it was found that severe gum disease affected about 1 in 3 people with diabetes, while lung infections were the most frequent, impacting nearly 1 in 100 each year. Other common infections included skin and urinary tract infections. These findings are crucial for patients and healthcare providers alike, as they point to the need for heightened awareness and preventive measures. However, it’s important to remember that while these statistics highlight a trend, individual experiences can vary widely, and not everyone with diabetes will face these issues. Moving forward, healthcare teams should prioritize infection prevention as part of diabetes care, ensuring that patients receive the support they need to stay healthy.
What this means for you: People with type 2 diabetes need to be vigilant about infections, especially gum and lung issues, for better health.
View Original Abstract ↓
BACKGROUND: Although evidence suggests a greater susceptibility of type 2 diabetes to infections, the prevalence and incidence of different types of infections vary greatly, affecting clinical decision-making. We aimed to estimate the aggregate prevalence and incidence of infections among people with type 2 diabetes.
METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to August 2025. We combined the terms type 2 diabetes, infection, and prevalence/incidence for the search. We included studies with data on infection prevalence (percentage) and/or incidence (number of person-years at risk) among patients with type 2 diabetes. We used the quality-effects model to estimate effects and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS: We included 70 studies in this meta-analysis. Severe periodontitis had the highest pooled prevalence among people with type 2 diabetes (33.6%; 95% CI = 23.7-44.2), followed by skin infections (28.6%; 95% CI = 20.7-37.2) and urinary tract infections (9.7%; 95% CI = 6.5-13.5). Lower respiratory tract infections had the highest pooled incidence per 10 000 person-years (1409.2; 95% CI = 1048.1-1894.6), followed by skin infections (664.1; 95% CI = 39.4-11203.9), upper respiratory tract infections (553.6; 95% CI = 12.7-24149.2) and urinary tract infections (500.6; 95% CI = 171.3-1462.6).
CONCLUSIONS: Among people with type 2 diabetes, the prevalence of severe periodontitis and the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections were the highest. We pinpointed recently prevalent high-occurrence infections in type 2 diabetes, helping to update surveillance and control priorities for diabetes care.
REGISTRATION: PROSPERO: CRD42024489267.
