Meta-analysis: 42% palliative care utilization among Ethiopian cancer patients; education, male gender associated

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the utilization rate of palliative care among cancer patients in Ethiopia and identify key influencing factors. The study employed a systematic review and meta-analysis design, sourcing evidence from various electronic databases until April 07, and included studies published between 2015 and 2024. Data extraction occurred from June 10-20, 2025, with analysis from June 21-30 and report generation until July 27, 2025, using R software. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model, with forest plots illustrating pooled prevalence and associated factors. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, and study quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. The analysis included nine cross-sectional studies involving a total of 2,839 cancer patients. The pooled palliative care utilization rate was 42% (95% CI: 30%-54%). Educational attainment (pooled AOR = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.42-3.75) and male gender (pooled AOR = 5.58; 95% CI: 3.01-10.33) were factors significantly associated with palliative care utilization. The authors concluded that palliative care utilization in Ethiopia remains insufficient, reflecting systemic, socioeconomic, and geographic inequities. They state that expanding access will require decentralization of services to reach rural communities, integration of palliative care into primary healthcare, investment in workforce capacity, and improved patient and family awareness. The study is registered under PROSPERO number CRD420251027739.

Imagine having cancer in a place where the care you need to manage pain, nausea, and other difficult symptoms is hard to find. That's the reality for many patients in Ethiopia. A review of nine studies, involving nearly 3,000 people, found that only about 42% of cancer patients receive what's called palliative care—specialized medical care focused on relieving suffering and improving quality of life. This low rate points to a major gap in support. The review also identified who is more likely to get this care. Men were significantly more likely to receive it than women. Patients with higher levels of education were also more likely to access these services. The conclusion is clear: palliative care use in Ethiopia is insufficient, reflecting deep inequities. The authors state that expanding access will require bringing services to rural communities, training more healthcare workers, and raising awareness among patients and families. Without these changes, a large portion of people with cancer will continue to face their illness without the relief they deserve.